Evolution of the Specialist Training Program in Chile

Abstract

The Specialist Training Plan in Chile was implemented to address the shortage of specialists following the 2005 Health Reform, with a primary focus on surgeons. Its objective has been to increase the training and equitable distribution of specialist doctors through ministerial selection and funding mechanisms. Through entrance competitions and the requirement of a Mandatory Assistance Period (PAO), the number of specialists in the public system has significantly increased. However, regional disparities in the density of doctors persist, with a higher concentration in the Metropolitan Region and deficiencies in extreme areas such as Arica and Magallanes. Despite the progress, a projected shortfall of more than 3,700 specialists is expected by 2028. Retention of specialists remains a central challenge; although financial incentives and the PAO have been effective, it is necessary to improve working conditions and offer opportunities for continuous professional development to ensure the sustainability of the Health System and guarantee equitable and high-quality coverage for the population.