Medical Specialties and Gender: trends and challenges at the University of Chile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56116/cms.v66.n3.2026.2528Keywords:
Medicine, Sexism, Medical EducationAbstract
Background: Gender distribution in medicine has evolved significantly in recent decades; however, structural inequalities persist in specialty selection. Aim: To analyze the sex distribution of students enrolled in postgraduate medical specialty programs at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Chile in 2024, identifying patterns of horizontal gender segregation. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive study based on anonymized enrollment data. A total of 1,435 students from 68 programs were analyzed, calculating absolute and relative frequencies and gender indices by specialty. Results: Overall gender distribution approached parity (50.9% women, 49.1% men), yet strong gender segmentation was observed. Women predominated in caregiving-related specialties (e.g., pediatrics, gynecology), while men were concentrated in surgical and technological fields (e.g., orthopedics, thoracic surgery). Conclusions: Horizontal gender segregation persists in postgraduate medical education, reinforcing stereotypes and institutional structures that constrain equitable career paths. Gender perspective should be integrated into curricula, with equity policies and inclusive environments encouraged.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Carolina Carstens Riveros, Sofía Hugo Venegas, Denisse Quijada Sánchez, Daniela González Arístegui, Rodrigo Lara Quinteros

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